Контрольная работа по английскому языку 7
| Цена, руб. | 400 |
| Номер работы | 13784 |
| Предмет | Иностранные языки |
| Тип работы | Контрольная |
| Объем, стр. | 5 |
| Оглавление | Match the definitions on the left with the words on the right. Note that (a) there are more words than definitions, and (b) many of the words on the right can have more than one meaning, but only one of those meanings is in the column on the left. Note that many of the words and accompanying expressions in this exercise (and in the following exercises on business law) are not exclusive to business law, but may also be applied to other legal • and general areas. 1. Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done. 2. To send someone to prison or to a court. 3. An adjective referring to a judge or to the law. 4. Not guilty of a crime. 5. Any act which is not legal. 6. A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business. 7. A disagreement or argument between parties. 8. A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special problems. 9. A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal proceeding. 10. An official who presides over a court. 11. To make an allegation in legal proceedings. 12. Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case. 13. A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court. 14. An agreement reached after an argument. 15. To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime. 16. A case which is being heard by a committee, tribunal or court of law. 17. To find that someone is guilty of a crime. 18. Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement. 19. To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge. 20. To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence. 21. To say that someone has committed a crime. 22. Having the legal ability to force someone to do something. 23. An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or organisations. 24. The arguments used when fighting a case. 25. A legal agreement between two or more parties. 26. An adjective referring to crime. 27. A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in a trial. 28. A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprove something at a trial. 29. To order someone to pay money as a punishment. 30. A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do something. • Read and translate the text. The judicial achievements of Lord Denning Alfred Thompson, Lord Denning was one of the greatest judges working in the English legal system during the 20th century. Many of his judicial decisions have had a wide impact on many aspects of the law. He became famous for his landmark judgments. He established the principle of equitable estoppel and ensured that the small print on the back of a ticket could not be used by companies to avoid their legal obligations. Denning also made some controversial judgments that some jurists believe damaged his reputation. Despite strong evidence in their favour, he did not allow an appeal by a group of Irish republicans, known as the Birmingham Six, against their conviction on terrorism charges, on the grounds that, to do so, would indicate the police investigating the crime had been corrupt. The police had, in fact, interfered with the evidence and after a long campaign the men were eventually released. They had been wrongfully imprisoned for more than ten years. As Master of the Rolls, the most senior judge in the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal, Denning challenged the principle of stare decisis (judicial binding precedent). He believed that if a rule had been made by the Court of Appeal, it could also be changed by it. In the well-known case of Spartan Steel and Alloys Ltd v Martin and Co [1972] 3 All ER 557, CA Denning did not follow precedent and based his judgment on a thorough analysis of the facts of the case. In Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd [1947] KB 130 Denning appeared to dispute the concept that in a contract there must be consideration. The facts of the case were that the plaintiffs rented out their property, a block of flats in central London, to the defendants at a fixed rent agreed by both parties. After this agreement was made, World War II started and the defendants found it difficult to find tenants for the flats. The plaintiffs promised to cut the annual rent by half. After the war ended, the flats again became fully occupied and the plaintiffs wanted to receive the original rent. The court decided that they were entitled to the full rent but starting only from the end of the war. Denning argued that the plaintiffs’ promise to reduce the rent stopped them from enforcing the original contract, even though the defendants had not given any consideration. This promise estopped, or prevented, the plaintiffs from enforcing their strict legal rights. Denning adopted his famous common-sense approach in Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 1 All ER 686, CA. The plaintiff bought a ticket to park his car in the defendants’ car park. The ticket was issued subject to the conditions displayed on a notice in the car park. These conditions, in very small print, stated that the owners of the car park were not liable for any injuries caused to their customers. The plaintiff was injured, partly as a result of the defendants’ negligence. The court held that the plaintiff was not bound by the conditions. Denning stated that: Tn order to give sufficient notice, it would need to be printed in red ink with a red hand pointing to it.’ The defendants could not avoid their duty of care unless they informed their customers about the conditions for parking in a clear and appropriate way. Denning’s judgments were written in clear and comprehensible English. They were very different from the legalistic language used by many of his fellow judges. The reasons for his decisions could be understood by people who were not lawyers. One of his most famous judgments was in Miller v Jackson [1977] QB 966, CA in what became known as ‘the cricket case’. This involved the traditional English summer sport. A family that had just bought a house next to a cricket ground complained that cricket balls were being hit into their garden and disturbing their right to its peaceful enjoyment. Denning began in the following way: In summertime village cricket is the delight of everyone. Nearly every village has its own cricket field where young men play and old men watch. In the village of Linz in County Durham [in the north of England], they have their own ground where they have played these last 70 years ... yet now after these 70 years a Judge of the High Court has ordered they must not play there anymore. Despite the simplicity of his language, the ideas and concepts he expressed were often extremely complex and challenged the rigidity imposed by the common law. Although some of his decisions were overturned by the House of Lords, many of the causes he championed were written into statutes. Examples of these are the right of deserted wives to remain in the marital home, and the concept that a person who makes a negligent misstatement cannot later rely on it. |
| Цена, руб. | 400 |
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25.04
Спасибо за помощь! Только статистику пришлось немного переделать. Вместе с научным руководителем, о
Марина -
17.04
Рецензия на отлично, спасибо!!!
Марина - 15.04 Михаил